VMWARE
======

vCenter
-------

* vCenter Server Appliance 5.0 GA with embedded DB2 database fails

  .. versionadded:: @2012-07-17
     创建

  参考： `VMware vCenter Server Appliance 5.0 GA with embedded DB2 database fails <http://kb.vmware.com/kb/2006812>`_

* vCenter Server 恢复

  .. versionadded:: @2014-05-04
     创建

  由于停电或其他原因导致的 vCenter Server 非正常关机后，使用 vSphere Client
  连接时总是会出错。一个快速解决办法如下：

  #. 登录 https://vcenter.xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxx:5480/ ，确认 Server 的运行状态
     应该是 Stopped。

  #. 选择 Utilities 处的 “Setup wizard”，单击 Launch，如果之前没有特殊配置则全部
     按缺省配置完成该过程。该过程的最后阶段会重新启动 Server 成功。

  #. 通过 vSphere Client 连接，应该可以成功。vCenter Server 的许可证可能需要重新
     关联。

ESXi
----

.. versionadded:: @2014-05-15
   创建
.. versionchanged:: @2019-02-13
   增加更多命令及示例

通过 ssh 登录到 ESXi 系统后, 可以通过 `passwd root` 来修改密码

配置 SSH 公钥登录，可能需要修改 SSHD 配置文件并重启 SSHD 服务以允许 root 登录：

* ESXi 5.0, 修改文件 `/etc/ssh/keys-<username>/authorized_keys`

很多命令的 `-h` 都包含了详细的例子。

# esxcfg-*
^^^^^^^^^^

    - `esxcfg-advcfg`
    - `esxcfg-dumppart`
    - `esxcfg-fcoe`
    - `esxcfg-hwiscsi`
    - `esxcfg-info`
    - `esxcfg-init`
    - `esxcfg-ipsec`
    - `esxcfg-module`
    - `esxcfg-mpath`
    - `esxcfg-nas`
    - `esxcfg-nics` ：网卡配置
    - `esxcfg-rescan`
    - `esxcfg-resgrp`
    - `esxcfg-route` ：路由配置
    - `esxcfg-scsidevs`
    - `esxcfg-swiscsi`
    - `esxcfg-vmknic`
    - `esxcfg-volume`
    - `esxcfg-vswitch`


# esxcli
^^^^^^^^

Usage: esxcli [options] {namespace}+ {cmd} [cmd options]

Options:

  * --formatter=FORMATTER

    - Override the formatter to use for a given command.
      Available formatter: xml, csv, keyvalue

  * --debug

    - Enable debug or internal use options

  * --version

    - Display version information for the script

  * -?, --help

    - Display usage information for the script

Available Namespaces:

  * esxcli

    Commands that operate on the esxcli system itself allowing users to get additional information.

    - `esxcli esxcli command list` 列出所有可用的命令

  * fcoe

    VMware FCOE commands.

  * hardware

    VMKernel hardware properties and commands for configuring hardware. ::

        # esxcli esxcli command list|grep hardware
        hardware.bootdevice                                     list
        hardware.clock                                          get
        hardware.clock                                          set
        hardware.cpu.cpuid                                      get
        hardware.cpu.global                                     get
        hardware.cpu.global                                     set
        hardware.cpu                                            list
        hardware.ipmi.fru                                       get
        hardware.ipmi.fru                                       list
        hardware.ipmi.sdr                                       get
        hardware.ipmi.sdr                                       list
        hardware.ipmi.sel                                       get
        hardware.ipmi.sel                                       list
        hardware.memory                                         get
        hardware.pci                                            list
        hardware.platform                                       get
        hardware.trustedboot                                    get

  * iscsi

    VMware iSCSI commands.

  * network

    Operations that pertain to the maintenance of networking on an ESX host. This includes a wide variety of
    commands to manipulate virtual networking components (vswitch, portgroup, etc) as well as local host IP, DNS
    and general host networking settings.

    - `esxcli network nic list` 查看网卡信息
    - `esxcli network ip route ipv4 list` 查看路由（ipv4）
    - `esxcli network ip dns server list` 查看 dns
    - `esxcli network ip interface ipv4 get` 查看 ip 配置（ipv4）

  * sched

    VMKernel system properties and commands for configuring scheduling related functionality.

  * software

    Manage the ESXi software image and packages

  * storage

    VMware storage commands.

  * system

    VMKernel system properties and commands for configuring properties of the kernel core system.

  * vm

    A small number of operations that allow a user to Control Virtual Machine operations.

    - `esxcli vm process list` 显示开机的虚拟机列表
    - `esxcli vm process kill --type=[soft,hard,force] --world-id=WorldNumber`
      关机，wordld-id 对应上一条命令的输出。
      参考： `KB1014165 <http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1014165>`_

# tcpdump-uw
^^^^^^^^^^^^

ESXi 的抓包工具

# vim-cmd
^^^^^^^^^

::

    # vim-cmd
    Commands available under /:
    hbrsvc/       internalsvc/  solo/         vmsvc/
    hostsvc/      proxysvc/     vimsvc/       help

* vmsvc/

    * `vim-cmd vmsvc/getallvms` 第一列显示 vmid
    * `vim-cmd vmsvc/power.getstate <vmid>` 查看虚拟机的电源状态
    * `vim-cmd vmsvc/power.on <vmid>` 开机
    * `vim-cmd vmsvc/power.off <vmid>` 关机

    参考 `KB1038043 <http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1038043>`_

# vsish
^^^^^^^

VMkernel Sys Info Shell ::

    /> help
            cd       - change working directory
            ls       - list nodes
            dir      - list nodes
            pwd      - print working directory
            get      - perform GET operation
            cat      - synonym for GET
            set      - perform SET operation
            typeget  - get type information
            typels   - list type-level nodes
            loglevel         - set debugging log level
            exit     - quit shell
            quit     - quit shell
            q        - quit shell
            help     - print help
    /> ls
    tpm/
    statsRegistry/
    killswitches/
    vmkAccess/
    worldlets/
    power/
    perf/
    timer/
    storage/
    vmkModules/
    system/
    userworld/
    sched/
    hardware/
    reliability/
    config/
    worldGroups/
    world/
    vm/
    rpcStats/
    memory/
    net/
    sysInfoNodeHashes

.. warning:: `set /reliability/crashMe/Panic` 让 ESXi 崩溃。

完整的配置项请参考 `这里 <https://s3.amazonaws.com/virtuallyghetto-download/complete_vsish_config.html>`_

问题解决汇总
^^^^^^^^^^^^

孤立的虚拟机
""""""""""""

.. versionadded:: @2015-06-05
   创建

ESXi 非正常重启后有时会出现虚拟机为 ``孤立的`` 的情况，修复方案如下：

* 可能是 `/etc/vmware/hostd/vmInventory.xml` 文件损坏，例如该文件内显示为
  ``孤立的`` 几个虚拟机的路径有错。修复该文件后重启 ESXi。
* 使用原虚拟机的虚拟磁盘重建虚拟机。